PhilPapers Survey 2020

r: 0.34	Abortion: permissible
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	585	54
Reject	263	108

n: 1010

p < 0.0001

r: -0.34	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	403
Reject	97	179

n: 718

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	God: theism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	126	851
Reject	189	368

n: 1534

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Temporal ontology: presentism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	52	329
Reject	75	174

n: 630

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Mind: physicalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	615	315
Reject	243	296

n: 1469

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Consciousness: functionalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	249	304
Reject	72	234

n: 859

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Consciousness: dualism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	451
Reject	120	186

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	197	185
Reject	82	166

n: 630

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Other minds: future AI systems
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	292	327
Reject	106	254

n: 979

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	523	290
Reject	212	243

n: 1268

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	390
Reject	125	178

n: 798

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Truth: deflationary
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	289	593
Reject	87	422

n: 1391

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Time: A-theory
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	140	441
Reject	151	198

n: 930

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Morality: non-naturalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	122	446
Reject	138	193

n: 899

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	177	265
Reject	71	205

n: 718

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	161	352
Reject	156	171

n: 840

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Morality: expressivism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	80	492
Reject	18	312

n: 902

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Truth: correspondence
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	453	430
Reject	351	160

n: 1394

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Mind uploading: survival
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	197	340
Reject	65	255

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Gender: social
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	667	219
Reject	297	185

n: 1368

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Morality: constructivism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	149	423
Reject	52	279

n: 903

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Time travel: metaphysically possible
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	263	262
Reject	121	194

n: 840

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Justification: coherentism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	160	335
Reject	56	247

n: 798

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Personal identity: psychological view
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	474	343
Reject	191	269

n: 1277

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Meaning of life: objective
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	290	516
Reject	237	262

n: 1305

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Gender: biological
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	246	630
Reject	198	280

n: 1354

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Personal identity: further-fact view
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	694
Reject	115	340

n: 1266

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Causation: primitive
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	86	404
Reject	85	186

n: 761

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Race: social
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	668	228
Reject	300	187

n: 1383

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Theory of reference: descriptive
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	101	380
Reject	80	167

n: 728

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Meaning of life: subjective
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	367	438
Reject	175	327

n: 1307

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Causation: counterfactual/difference-making
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	226	268
Reject	89	187

n: 770

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Metaontology: deflationary realism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	137	248
Reject	52	163

n: 600

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Practical reason: Humean
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	176	304
Reject	76	203

n: 759

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Arguments for theism: cosmological
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	104	391
Reject	102	205

n: 802

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Laws of nature: Humean
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	322	549
Reject	128	373

n: 1372

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Law: legal positivism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	160	202
Reject	70	123

n: 555

p: 0.0004

r: -0.14	Gender categories: preserve
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	97	438
Reject	90	217

n: 842

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	433	152
Reject	204	117

n: 906

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Extended mind: yes
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	315	232
Reject	143	153

n: 843

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	144	242
Reject	120	96

n: 602

p: 0.0004

r: -0.14	Mental content: internalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	224	614
Reject	163	294

n: 1295

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Knowledge: empiricism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	486	297
Reject	229	239

n: 1251

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Chinese room: understands
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	131	426
Reject	43	287

n: 887

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	120	321
Reject	47	227

n: 715

p: 0.0002

r: -0.14	Propositional attitudes: phenomenal
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	394
Reject	30	227

n: 673

p: 0.0003

r: -0.14	Zombies: metaphysically possible
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	192	658
Reject	183	316

n: 1349

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Abstract objects: Platonism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	330	539
Reject	262	231

n: 1362

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Properties: classes
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	57	332
Reject	27	233

n: 649

p: 0.0005

r: 0.13	Race categories: revise
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	205	295
Reject	86	203

n: 789

p: 0.0002

r: 0.13	Teletransporter: survival
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	375	438
Reject	146	305

n: 1264

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	354	213
Reject	244	95

n: 906

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Zombies: conceivable but not metaphysically possible
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	395	458
Reject	170	329

n: 1352

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	195	619
Reject	163	304

n: 1281

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Race categories: eliminate
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	209	291
Reject	140	149

n: 789

p: 0.0003

r: -0.13	Politics: capitalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	180	369
Reject	133	181

n: 863

p: 0.0002

r: 0.12	Knowledge claims: contextualism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	519	297
Reject	241	227

n: 1284

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Analysis of knowledge: no analysis
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	201	371
Reject	93	237

n: 902

p: 0.0003

r: 0.12	Gender categories: revise
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	319	219
Reject	151	156

n: 845

p: 0.0005

r: 0.12	Grounds of intentionality: causal/teleological
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	169	236
Reject	71	142

n: 618

p: 0.0028

r: -0.12	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	185	295
Reject	132	147

n: 759

p: 0.001

r: -0.12	Political philosophy: libertarianism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	107	684
Reject	92	361

n: 1244

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Hume: skeptic
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	168	311
Reject	128	154

n: 761

p: 0.0012

r: 0.12	Material composition: universalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	108	176
Reject	45	135

n: 464

p: 0.0126

r: 0.12	Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	361
Reject	36	240

n: 719

p: 0.0019

r: 0.12	Properties: nonexistent
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	350
Reject	22	239

n: 648

p: 0.0033

r: -0.11	Immortality: yes
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	276	338
Reject	198	165

n: 977

p: 0.0003

r: 0.11	Propositional attitudes: representational
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	233	194
Reject	110	147

n: 684

p: 0.0029

r: -0.11	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	622	327
Reject	394	155

n: 1498

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Epistemic justification: internalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	321	552
Reject	225	278

n: 1376

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Consciousness: identity theory
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	88	463
Reject	40	266

n: 857

p: 0.0014

r: -0.11	Race: biological
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	165	731
Reject	128	359

n: 1383

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Material composition: restrictivism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	107	177
Reject	90	90

n: 464

p: 0.0204

r: 0.11	Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	442	515
Reject	201	359

n: 1517

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Aesthetic value: objective
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	404	473
Reject	291	238

n: 1406

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Propositional attitudes: nonexistent
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	404
Reject	13	242

n: 670

p: 0.0067

r: 0.1	Political philosophy: egalitarianism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	432	357
Reject	204	252

n: 1245

p: 0.0004

r: 0.1	Quantum mechanics: many-worlds
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	74	230
Reject	30	154

n: 488

p: 0.0358

r: -0.09	Grounds of intentionality: primitive
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	352
Reject	41	173

n: 617

p: 0.0192

r: -0.09	Philosophical progress: none
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	945
Reject	24	535

n: 1532

p: 0.0003

r: 0.09	Aim of philosophy: understanding
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	602	331
Reject	310	237

n: 1480

p: 0.0004

r: 0.09	Propositions: structured entities
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	195	225
Reject	101	156

n: 677

p: 0.017

r: -0.09	Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	607	340
Reject	402	148

n: 1497

p: 0.0004

r: 0.09	Units of selection: genes
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	191	171
Reject	91	101

n: 554

p: 0.033

r: 0.09	Morality: naturalist realism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	208	365
Reject	105	227

n: 905

p: 0.0064

r: 0.09	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	348	561
Reject	158	355

n: 1422

p: 0.0008

r: -0.09	Perceptual experience: qualia theory
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	107	603
Reject	84	292

n: 1086

p: 0.0038

r: -0.09	Belief or credence: belief
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	129	292
Reject	96	162

n: 679

p: 0.0245

r: -0.09	Vagueness: metaphysical
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	164	623
Reject	117	350

n: 1254

p: 0.0023

r: -0.08	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	293	615
Reject	211	324

n: 1443

p: 0.0013

r: -0.08	Well-being: objective list
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	297	217
Reject	194	110

n: 818

p: 0.0209

r: 0.08	Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	640	317
Reject	339	221

n: 1517

p: 0.0023

r: 0.08	Justification: reliabilism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	200	298
Reject	109	192

n: 799

p: 0.0286

r: -0.07	Race: unreal
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	135	744
Reject	95	380

n: 1354

p: 0.0062

r: -0.07	Capital punishment: permissible
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	535
Reject	72	283

n: 995

p: 0.019

r: 0.07	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	116	398
Reject	58	247

n: 819

p: 0.036

r: 0.07	Other minds: current AI systems
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	598
Reject	13	347

n: 979

p: 0.028

r: -0.07	Arguments for theism: moral
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	40	450
Reject	49	258

n: 797

p: 0.0475

r: -0.07	Other minds: newborn babies
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	542	77
Reject	317	43

n: 979

p: 0.0311

r: 0.07	Trolley problem: switch
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	681	197
Reject	368	136

n: 1382

p: 0.0116

r: -0.23	Philosopher: Aquinas
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	10	738
Reject	42	381

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	43	970
Reject	90	492

n: 1595

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Philosopher: Reid
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	8	740
Reject	24	399

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Hume
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	158	590
Reject	54	369

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	17	996
Reject	28	554

n: 1595

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Philosopher: Augustine
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	7	741
Reject	15	408

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Region of nationality: Oceania
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	64	900
Reject	16	522

n: 1502

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Region of nationality: United States
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	471	493
Reject	316	222

n: 1502

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Mill
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	53	695
Reject	11	412

n: 1171

p: 0.0008

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Kierkegaard
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	5	743
Reject	15	408

n: 1171

p: 0.0009

r: 0.09	Region of affiliation: Oceania
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	66	961
Reject	18	579

n: 1624

p: 0.0002

r: 0.09	Tradition: Analytic
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	883	127
Reject	464	100

n: 1574

p: 0.0003

r: -0.08	Region of affiliation: United States
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	553	474
Reject	370	227

n: 1624

p: 0.0011

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Davidson
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	31	717
Reject	8	415

n: 1171

p: 0.0062

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Heidegger
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	11	737
Reject	16	407

n: 1171

p: 0.0081

r: 0.08	AOS: Normative Ethics
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	236	777
Reject	105	477

n: 1595

p: 0.0022

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Spinoza
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	15	733
Reject	16	407

n: 1171

p: 0.0099

r: -0.07	AOS: Metaphysics
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	196	817
Reject	152	430

n: 1595

p: 0.003

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Locke
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	13	735
Reject	18	405

n: 1171

p: 0.0139

r: -0.07	Region of PhD: United States
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	490	245
Reject	287	110

n: 1132

p: 0.0162

r: 0.07	AOS: Decision Theory
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	33	980
Reject	10	572

n: 1595

p: 0.0049

r: 0.07	Gender: female
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	222	788
Reject	97	486

n: 1593

p: 0.0065

r: -0.07	Tradition: Other tradition
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	76	934
Reject	63	501

n: 1574

p: 0.0098

r: 0.06	Region of PhD: Oceania
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	38	697
Reject	13	384

n: 1132

p: 0.0344

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Frege
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	68	680
Reject	22	401

n: 1171

p: 0.0399

r: 0.06	Region of nationality: Canada
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	88	876
Reject	28	510

n: 1502

p: 0.0242

r: -0.06	Tradition: Continental
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	51	959
Reject	37	527

n: 1574

p: 0.023

r: 0.06	Region of affiliation: Canada
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	85	942
Reject	28	569

n: 1624

p: 0.0221

r: 0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	110	903
Reject	42	540

n: 1595

p: 0.0244

r: -0.06	Gender: male
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	785	225
Reject	481	102

n: 1593

p: 0.0247

r: -0.05	Region of affiliation: Latin America
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	8	1019
Reject	10	587

n: 1624

p: 0.0321

Survey Results

Correlations

Strongest correlations with philosophical questions

Strongest correlations with demographic questions